Processes in Structural Geology and Tectonics
Recorded Lectures
Ben van der Pluijm
|
Processes in Structural Geology and Tectonics Recorded Lectures Ben van der Pluijm |
Lecture audio with synchronized PowerPoint slides for each of the chapters. Recorded lectures were created by Ben van der Pluijm with Camtasia and a simple recording setup; see "Presentation Recording, Posting and Webcasting – Simple and Cheap, yet Slick and Powerful." write-up on vanderBlog. The material covers each chapter, but the approach and content are presenter specific. Sorry if you don't like the style, tone, or accent.
Access to Recorded Lectures requires a UserID and Password that are different from those of Chapter access. Recording access is typically obtained from the course instructor and is time-limited.
| Chapter | Link |
| 1. Geologic Structures and Deformation Regimes - Depositional Structures; Unconformities; Salt Structures; Volcanic Structures; Impact Structures; Deformation Structures; Deformation Regimes (Frictional Regime, Plastic Regime). | Geologic Structures |
| 2. Force and Stress - Force and Units; Newtonian and continuum mechanics; Trigonometry; 2D and 3D Stress; Normal Stress and Shear Stress; Mohr Construction of Stress; Stress States; Measurement of Stress (At surface, At depth); Lithospheric Stresses. | Force and Stress |
| 3. The Frictional Regime - Processes of Brittle Deformation; Tensile Cracking; Axial Experiments; Formation of Shear Fractures; Failure Criteria; Faults and Stress; Andersonian Theory; Frictional Sliding; Byerlee’s Law; Stress and Sliding; Role of Fluids. | The Frictional Regime |
| 4. Joints and Veins - Surface Features; Elasticity; Joint Arrays; Joint Spacing; Origin of Joints; Origin and History of Veins; Syn- and Anti-taxial Veins; En echelon veins; Lineaments. | Joints and Veins |
| 5. Faults - Fault types and Geometries; Fault Systems; Fault bends; Dimensions; Fault Surfaces; Fault Rocks (Cataclasites, Mylonites, Pseudotachylytes); Fault character with Depth; More on Mechanics of (Reverse) Faulting; Thrust Paradox; Thrust Wedges; Faults and Society. | Faults |
| 6. Deformation and Strain- Deformation Components; Strain Ellipse (and Ellipsoid); Coaxial and Non-coaxial Strain; Superposed Strain; Strain Quantities; Representations of Strain; Finite Strain Analysis (Spherical Objects, Angular Changes, Length Changes); Some Caution. | Deformation and Strain |
| 7. The Plastic Regime - Strain rate; Viscosity; Crystal defects (Point defects, Line defects/Dislocations); Crystal plasticity; Dislocation creep; Glide; Climb; Microstructures; Twinning; Recovery; Recrystallization; Diffusional processes and microstructures; Deformation mechanism maps; Confusing Terminology? | The Plastic Regime |
| 8. Folds - Fold Description; Fold Classification; Dip isogons; Fold Systems; Fault-related Folds (Fault-bend folding, Fault-propagation folding, Detachment folding); Elements of Fold Style; Superposed Folding; Bending and Buckling; Fold Mechanics and Fold math; Fold Strain. | Folds |
| 9. Fabrics - Foliations (By metamorphic grade, Morphology, Strain); Shear Zones (Shear sense, Strain); Lineations; Boudinage. | N/A |
| 10. The Lithosphere - What is rheology? Insights from rock deformation experiments; Characteristics stress-strain behaviors; General rock creep; Elastic, viscous and composite linear rheologies; Maxwell relaxation time and Earth behavior; Non-linear rheologies; Plastic flow stresses; Crust and upper mantle strength curve(s); Defining lithosphere and asthenosphere; Lithologic vs rheologic layering. | The Lithosphere |
| 11. Plate Tectonics - Earth’s layers; Earth’s topography; The crust; The mantle; The tenets of plate tectonics (Today’s plates, Plate boundaries); Kinematic of plate tectonics (Linear and angular velocities, Absolute and relative motions); Mechanics of plate tectonics; Tectonic cycles (Wilson Cycle, Supercontinent Cycle). | Plate Tectonics |
| 12. Extensional Tectonics - Today’s divergent plate boundaries (Ocean Ridges, Lithologies); Failed Rifts; Structural Styles (Pure shear systems, Simple shear systems); Stretching Factor; Metamorphic core complexes (Isostasy); Rift evolution (Passive margins); Causes of rifting and extension. | Extensional Tectonics |
| 13. Contractional Tectonics - Convergent Plate Margins (Downgoing Slab, Trench, Accretionary Wedge, Forearc Basin And Volcanic Arc, Backarc Region); Stages Of Collision (Convergence, Suturing, Thickening, Collapse, Delamination); Structures Of Collision (Fold-thrust Belts, Fold-thrust Belts Kinematics); Related Processes (Extrusion Tectonics, Terrane Accretion) Orogenic Architecture (Synoptic Cross-sections, Curved Orogens); Speculations On Orogenic Styles. | |
| 14. Wrench Tectonics - Classes of Strike-slip Faults (Transfer Faults, Transcurrent Faults), Strike-slip Systems (Transpression, Transtension, Restraining and Releasing Bends, Strike-slip Duplexes), Continental Strike-slip Faults, Oceanic Strike-slip Faults (Transform Faults, Fracture Zones). | Wrench Tectonics |
| A. A Global View and North American Perspectives | Perspectives of Tectonics |
| B. Processes in Western North America (Cenozoic-Mesozoic) - Mesozoic-Today convergent margin setting with accretionary wedges, variably exhumed arc and foreland FTB (Sevier). Early Cenozoic transition to basement-cored uplift (Laramide), Middle Cenozoic and younger continental extension (Basin-and-Range) and Late Cenozoic subduction of ridge (San Andreas Transform) in conterminous Alaska-N Mexico segment. | Western North America |
| C. Processes in Eastern North America (Paleozoic) | Eastern North America |
| D. Processes in Central North America (Paleozoic-Precambrian) | Central North America |